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Deploying Angular App using CircleCI to Azure CDN with no Downtime

06 Oct 2018

Recently, I migrated an Agular app from Azure Web App to Azure CDN from Verizon. There are important benefits to using CDN over a regular web app such as cost and delivery speed. I shall save the migration process to another post.

In this post, I am going to build a CircleCI script that deploys an Angular app to Azure CDN with no downtime. Of course, the same behavior can be achieved using a different CI system.

The deployment script has the following features

How It Works

The key to avoiding a downtime boils down to the order in which the files are deployed. First, the index.html file needs to be deployed last. The reason for that is the following: Suppose you are deploying your site assets and only some of them have been deployed so far including index.html, and some user tries to access the site at that moment, they might get 404 because the new index.html references assets that are not available yet from the CDN.

CircleCI config.yml

The CircleCI config.yml file looks like the following. You might have to adjust it to match your deployment settings:

version: 2
jobs:
  build:
    working_directory: ~/my-project
    docker:
      - image: circleci/node:8.11-browsers
    steps:
      - setup_remote_docker
      - checkout
      - restore_cache:
          key: npm-dependency-cache-{{ checksum "package.json" }}
      - run:
          name: Install npm packages
          command: npm install
      - save_cache:
          key: npm-dependency-cache-{{ checksum "package.json" }}
          paths:
            - node_modules
      - run:
          name: Test
          command: npm test -- --watch=false
      - store_artifacts:
          path: coverage
          prefix: coverage
      - run:
          name: Build and Deploy
          command: |
            echo Installing AzureCLI...
            echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/azure-cli/ wheezy main" | \
            sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/azure-cli.list
            curl -L https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add -
            sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https
            sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install azure-cli
            
            if [[ "${CIRCLE_TAG}" == *release* ]]
            then
                echo Releasing to Live...
                azureConnectionString=${PRODUCTION_STORAGE_CONNECTIONSTRING}
                userName='c53f1a9b-a334-4152-ad19-c9612e715a35'
                resourceGroup='my-project-live-rg'
                cdnEndpointName='my-project-live-cdn'
                cdnProfileName=$cdnEndpointName
                subscription='Prod Subscription'
                npm run build -- --prod
            elif [[ "${CIRCLE_BRANCH}" == "master" ]]
            then
                echo Releasing to Staging...
                azureConnectionString=${STAGING_STORAGE_CONNECTIONSTRING}
                userName='14898d6c-bae1-4c5c-b55a-9caf1121de96'
                resourceGroup='my-project-staging-rg'
                cdnEndpointName='my-project-staging-cdn'
                cdnProfileName=$cdnEndpointName
                subscription='Staging Subscription'
                npm run build -- -c=staging
            elif [[ "${CIRCLE_BRANCH}" == "test" ]]
            then
                echo Releasing to Test...
                azureConnectionString=${TEST_STORAGE_CONNECTIONSTRING}
                userName='dfb87956-4959-46c1-b63b-aa82969c769a'
                resourceGroup='my-project-test-rg'
                cdnEndpointName='my-project-test-cdn'
                cdnProfileName='my-project-test-cdn-profile'
                subscription='Test Environment'
                npm run build -- -c=test
            fi

            # Avoid a downtime by uploading index.html last.
            mv ./dist/index.html ./index.html
            az storage blob upload-batch --source ./dist --destination site --connection-string $azureConnectionString
            mv ./index.html ./dist/index.html
            az storage blob upload --file ./dist/index.html --container-name site --name 'index.html'  --content-cache-control "no-cache" --connection-string $azureConnectionString
            echo Deleting files older than 3 months...
            oldFilesDateTime=$(date -d "-3 months"  +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%MZ")
            az storage blob delete-batch --source site --if-unmodified-since $oldFilesDateTime  --connection-string $azureConnectionString
            echo Purging CDN caches...
            az login --service-principal --username "$userName" --password $CircleCIServicePrincipalPassword --tenant "3e64d903-d42e-4a8d-8c6d-430299e3b8d8"
            az account set --subscription "$subscription"
            foldersToFlush=$(cd ./dist && find ./ -type d | awk '{print $0 suffix}' suffix="/*" | tr  '\n' ' ')
            foldersToFlush=$(echo $foldersToFlush | sed 's/\.//g' | sed 's/\/\//\//g')
            az cdn endpoint purge --resource-group $resourceGroup --name $cdnEndpointName --profile-name $cdnProfileName  --content-paths $foldersToFlush

            
workflows:
  version: 2
  build_and_test:
    jobs:
      - build:
          filters:
            branches:
              only: 
                - master
                - test
            tags:
              only: 
                - /release-.*/

The script above supports three environments: Test, Staging and Live but these do not matter. I will explain the relevant pieces of the code one by one.

First, make sure you have all the environment variables set as needed (eg ${PRODUCTION_STORAGE_CONNECTIONSTRING}). Additionally, you need an Azure service principal in order to deploy the site. This can be created easily in Azure.

Here is an example that creates a service principal using Azure CLI

az ad sp create-for-rbac --name CircleCIServicePrincipal --password 19gxxc3@@8h44

NOTE: You might need to create one service principal for each subscription.

Then, AzureCLI is installed:

echo Installing AzureCLI...
echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/azure-cli/ wheezy main" | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/azure-cli.list
curl -L https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install azure-cli

Now, the angular project is built using Angular CLI for the current environment.

echo Releasing to Live...
azureConnectionString=${PRODUCTION_STORAGE_CONNECTIONSTRING}
userName='c53f1a9b-a334-4152-ad19-c9612e715a35'
resourceGroup='my-project-live-rg'
cdnEndpointName='my-project-live-cdn'
cdnProfileName=$cdnEndpointName
subscription='Prod Subscription'
npm run build -- --prod

In the code above, a few variables are set for the next phase. Always store sensitive information such as connection strings in environment variables.

NOTE: The userName variable holds the service principal appId value.

# Avoid a downtime by uploading index.html last.
mv ./dist/index.html ./index.html
az storage blob upload-batch --source ./dist --destination site --connection-string $azureConnectionString
mv ./index.html ./dist/index.html
az storage blob upload --file ./dist/index.html --container-name site --name 'index.html'  --content-cache-control "no-cache" --connection-string $azureConnectionString

This deploys all the files under the dist folder to Azure Blob and makes sure index.html is deployed last. The code assumes your site content is inside the site container in Azure Blob storage. This can be changed easily.

If a user hits the site before the new index.html is uploaded, they will NOT get an error because the old version is still there along with all its assets (I noticed images do not get finger printed but these are highly unlikely to cause a downtime for a site).

Notice that index.html has no-cache value set for the Cache-Control header. This is important for the users to always get the fresh version of that file.

I mentioned that some files will linger since Angular CLI fingerprints assets. Although there is no need for cleanup, I personally like to keep the Azure Blob storage clean. In my case, I delete all assets older than 3 months. This value can be adjusted to suit your needs. However, to avoid a downtime, I recommend keeping at least the two most recent versions.0

echo Deleting files older than 3 months...
oldFilesDateTime=$(date -d "-3 months"  +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%MZ")
az storage blob delete-batch --source site --if-unmodified-since $oldFilesDateTime  --connection-string $azureConnectionString

In order for the end users to see the immediate results, the CDN cache must be purged.

echo Purging CDN caches...
az login --service-principal --username "$userName" --password $CircleCIServicePrincipalPassword --tenant "843dce7c-ff36-4164-a9aa-0616af27aeeb"
az account set --subscription "$subscription"
foldersToFlush=$(cd ./dist && find ./ -type d | awk '{print $0 suffix}' suffix="/*" | tr  '\n' ' ')
foldersToFlush=$(echo $foldersToFlush | sed 's/\.//g' | sed 's/\/\//\//g')
az cdn endpoint purge --resource-group $resourceGroup --name $cdnEndpointName --profile-name $cdnProfileName  --content-paths $foldersToFlush

The value of tenant comes from the service principal. The code above simply enumerates all the folders under ./dist and feeds them into the Azure CLI command since there is no bulk purge feature in Azure CLI yet.

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